Which of the following best describes frontier justice as depicted in the material?

• A. Informal and pursued by individuals.
• B. Routinely administered by formal courts.
• C. Managed through international law.
• D. Handled by a centralized bureaucracy.

Answer: (A)

Frontier justice is depicted as informal, community-based remedy carried out by individuals rather than by official institutions. In the material, punishment and resolve come from neighbors or self-appointed enforcers who act quickly without the due-process safeguards of courts or the structure of a state bureaucracy. This contrasts with formal courts, which rely on judges, prosecutors, and established procedures; international law, which governs relations between states; and a centralized bureaucracy, which represents organized government control. Because the emphasis is on impromptu, non-institutional action by individuals or small groups, the best description is that it is informal and pursued by individuals.